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J. P. LAND.

APPARATUS FOR GARBONIZING AND DESTROYING VEGETABLE MATTER I IN WOOL. No.336,121. Patented Feb. 16, 1886.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. P. LAND.

APPARATUS FOR OARBONIZING AND DESTROYING VEGETABLE MATTER IN WOOL.

Patented Feb. 16, 1886.

witnesses.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEQ JAMES P. LAND, OF PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TO CHARLES P. RING, OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR CARBONIZING AND DESTROYING VEGETABLE MATTER lN WOOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 336,121, dated February16, 1886.

Application filed May 22, 1885. Serial No. 166,393. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES P. LAND, a citizen of the United States,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in anApparatus for Carbonizing and Destroying Vegetable Matter in Wool, ofwhich the following is a specification.

In the preliminary process wool is immersed or steeped in a chemicalsolution preparatory to the application of pure hot dry air, tothoroughly carbonize any vegetable matter contained therein. V001 thussteeped is laid upon a wire screen on the top of a hot-air chamber, anda current or blast of pure air, heated by fire and superheated steam toa high temperature, is forced upon and through the wool, the supply ofair being drawn by a rotary fan through a series of pipes arrangedWithin a heating-furnace and forced into a heating-chamber around coilsof pipe containing superheated steam, and by a communicating fiue intothe hot-air chamber to the outlets of the air-pipe, from whence thepressure of the blast forces it upon a coil of pipe contained withinsaid chamber, also heated by superheated steam, and on and up throughthe wire screen into the wool. In order to preserve the purity andwhiteness of wool, so desirable, the air thus heated must be entirelyfree from gas or the fumes of sulphur that arise from the combustion ofcoal; otherwise the vitality of the wool, which is so essential topreserve for manufacturing purposes, would be destroyed.

To accomplish the preservation of the pnrity of wool and retain all thespinning and fulling qualities which are so necessary is the object ofmy invention. I do this by forcing a stream of highly-heated pure airupon and through the saturated wool, as will be understood by thefollowing description:

My invention relates to an apparatus for drying wool that has beensteeped in a chemical solution; and it consists of a furnace arrangedfor the combustion of coal, or equivalent fuel, for the generation ofheat, provided with a space or chamber above the fire-box sufficientlylarge to permit of the reception 5o longitudinally of a series of tubeswalled or built in at each end in such a manner that the products ofcombustion pass around the-external surfaces of the tubes, thoroughlyheating them, without permitting any of the-gas or 5 fumes from the fireto have access to their interiors. The front ends of the tubes are openoutside of the furnace to allow of the entrance of air, while their rearends are covered by the bell-mouth of a pipe or flue leading to andconnected with the forward end of a heating chamber, which is in turnconnected at its rear end to a flue leading into and having one lets inthe hot-air chamber. Upon the top of this hot-air chamber is secured awire screen for the reception of the wool. The central tube of theseries arranged within the furnace is of sufficient diameter to allow ofthe reception of a steam-drum (having reduced inlet and outlet pipes atits ends) fed from a steam- 7o boiler placed at any suitable point fromsaid furnace. This drum extends through from end to end of the furnace,and is connected by a pipe of reduced diameter to a series of coils inthe heating-chamber, and from thence into a coil resting horizontallyupon an open rack in the hot-airdrying-ehamber, thus supplying a volumeof superheated steam through all the coils during the process ofcarbonizing. A rotary fan impelled by motive power communicated througha belt which passes over a pulley upon the outer end of the centralshaft of said fan draws in air through the series of tubes within thefurnace, forcing a current into the heating-chamber, and from thence outof the ends of the flue into the hot-air chamber. The desire being tosuperheat the steam in its passage, and the heated air coming in contactwith all the coils of pipe, cause an intense hot blast of pure air to beforced 0 upon, into, and through the wool, as will be more fullyhereinafter described.

In the accompanying drawings,which make a part of this specification,Figure 1 is a plan view of my apparatus having the tops of the 5heating-chamber F and the hot-air chambers K K removed. Fig. 2 is a likeview of the dryingscreen. Fig. 3 is a view looking in the direction ofthe arrow B, Fig. 1, upon the side of the apparatus. Fig. 4 is a View,partly in section, on the broken line x x, looking in the direction ofthe arrow S of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a side view, upon an enlarged scale, ofthe steam-drum T in connection with a tube, D, the tube being insection.

Like letters of reference in all the figures indicate the same parts.

A represents a furnace, b the fire-box, and c the ash-pit. Above thefire-box is placed the deflecting-plate B, which causes the heat andflames to pass to and around the rear portions of the tubes, thoroughlyheating the exposed exterior surfaces of said tubes previous to the exitof the gas and fumes arising during combustion through and out of thestack 0 (seen in Fig. 4) at the front of the furnace. Within the chamberd, above the fire, are arranged longitudinally the, series of tubes D,whose end portions are securely held by the front and rear walls, e e.

E is a fine provided with a bell end connected to the rear of thefurnace and inclosing the outlet-openings of the tubes. The oppositecylindrical end of this flue E passes into the forward end of theheating-chamber F. Midway in said flue E, impelled by motive powercommunicated by a belt passing around the pulley Z, is the rotary fan L,which draws in air through the tubes D from their open ends at the frontof the furnace, forcing the current into the chamber F, where it becomesmore highly heated by coming in contact with the coils of steam-pipes G,which are fed with steam that has been superheated in its passagethrough the drum T, contained within the central tube of the series D inthe furnace, from whence the pressure continues the current of airthrough the chamber F, into the flue E, and out of the openings ff,which project upward from the floor-of the hot-air chamber K, thecurrent of air continuing on and around the coil of pipe G which restsupon the rack H, forcing its passage through the wire screen J into andthrough the Wool thereon upon the top of said screen. Two outlets, f f,are provided to the extreme end of the flue E, which rests upon thefloor of the chamber K, to more equally diffuse the blast of air overthe area.

A pipe of small diameter, G, projects from the forward end of the drum Tin the furnace for the purpose of permitting of the attachment of acoupling to a pipe leading from a steam-boiler for supplying live steamto the drum to be superheated therein. The rear end of said drum T is inturn connected by a .pipe of reduced diameter to the tiers of coils inthe chamber F, a continuation of the pipe leading into the coil G in thechamber K, .whereby a constant supply of superheated steam is maintainedthroughout all the coils.

A drip, K,-permits ofthe escape. of condensation.

An enlarged View of the steam-drum T is shown in Fig. 5.

Any number of hot-air chambers provided wit-h screens may be used, aswill suit the capacity of the apparatus.

A fender, N, (seen in Figs. 1 and 4,) is placed in front of the openends of the tubes D, to prevent the entrance of dust or ashes, thatmight arise from the fire.

The operation is as follows: Fire is started within the furnace A,- andwhen the tubes D have been sufficiently heated live steam from a boileris admitted into the pipe G. From thence the pressure forces it into thedrum T, where it is superheated by the action of the fire, and passesthence into all the coils G in the chamber F, and into the coil G in thehot-air chamber K. Motion is then imparted by means of a belt (connectedwith motive power) to the pulley Z, which causes the fan L to revolverapidly and draw in air through the tubes D from the front of thefurnace, forcing a current of highly-heated air into the chamber Faround the coils of superheated steam-pipe, whence the current ismaintained through the flue E into the chamber K, and out of the endopenings,f f, of said flue E upon and around the coil of pipe G Fromthence the constant pressure forces the blast through the screen J andinto the wool laid thereon.

By the means described of carbonizing and destroying vegetable mattercontainedin wool that has been saturatedin a chemical solution thefibers retain their purity, the vitality is not destroyed, nor do theylose their spinning and fulling qualities.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The furnace A, having the chamber d,

in which are arranged the tubes D, with their front ends exposed to theatmosphere for supplying and heating pure air, and the drum T,surrounding the central tube of the series, conveying superheated steamto the coils of pipes G G substantially as herein shown and described,for the purpose set forth.

2. In apparatus for carbonizing and destroying vegetable matter in wool,the furnace A, constructed as described, having the steamdrum T,arranged within a tube of the series D, for containing steam to besuperheated, substantially as shown and described.

3. In apparatus for carbonizing and destroying vegetable matter in wool,the furnace A, in combination with the tubes D and drum T, for supplyingheated air and superheated steam, substantially in the manner described.

4. In apparatus for carbonizing and destroying vegetable matter in wool,the hot-air drying-chamber K, having the coil of pipe G and wire screenJ, substantially as shown and described. V

5. In apparatus for carbonizing and destroying vegetable matter in wool,the furnace A, constructed as described, in combination with flue E,having fan L, heating-chamberF, having coils of pipe G, flue E, providedwith outlets f f, and hot-air chamber K, having the coil G and wirescreen, whereby a current of pure highly-heated air is forced into 10and through the wool, substantially in the manner described, for thepurpose specified.

JAMES P. LAND. Witnesses:

THOMAS J. BEwLEY, J OHN MANDER.

